Adm: /* Biosynthesis */

2010-08-04T03:28:40Z

‎Biosynthesis

Adm: New page: ==Hormonal Classes== ===Estranes (C18)=== {{Twocolumn| The backbone of estrogens, the hormones responsible for female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. The original sp...

2010-08-04T03:07:06Z

New page: ==Hormonal Classes== ===Estranes (C18)=== {{Twocolumn| The backbone of estrogens, the hormones responsible for female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. The original sp...

New page

==Hormonal Classes==
===Estranes (C18)===
{{Twocolumn|
The backbone of estrogens, the hormones responsible for female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. The original spelling was 'oestrogen'. Major namings are:
* estrogen ... estra-1,3,5(10)-triene
* estrone ... 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-17-one
* estradiol ... estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol
* estriol ... estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol
* equine estrogens ... estra-1,3,5(10),7-tetraene and estra-1,3,5,7,9-pentaene series
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===Androstanes (C19)===
{{Twocolumn|
The backbone of male hormone testosterones. Major namings are:
* etianic acids (C20) ... androstane-17-carboxylic acids and their derivatives
* D-homoandrostanes (C20) ... ring D is expanded by including C-17a carbon.
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}}

===Pregnanes (C21)===
{{Twocolumn|
The backbone of pregnancy hormone progesterone and the majority of corticosteroids.
It is the largest single group of steroids.
Major namings are:
* progesterone ... pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
* 17α-ethynylandrostane ... 17α-pregn-20-yne
* 19-norpregnane (C20) ... 17α-ethynylestrane, 19-nor-17α-pregn-20-yne

17α-pregnanes are sometimes called 17α-vinyl- and 17α-ethyl-androstanes.
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}}

===Cholanes (C24)===
{{Twocolumn|
The backbone of bile acids, i.e., 5β-cholan-24-oic acids with hydroxyl substitution at C-3.
* primary bile acids ... cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are biosynthesized directly from cholesterol.
* secondary bile acids ... deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid are generated by intestinal bacteria.
* 24-norcholan-23-oic acids ... loss of one carbon side chain
* 23,24-dinorcholan-22-oic acids ... loss of two carbon side chains
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==C/D ''cis'' Classes==

===Cardenolides (C23)===
See [[:Category:TP3P|TP3P]].

===Bufanolides (C24)===
See [[:Category:TP3O|TP3O]].

==Steroidal Classes==

===Sterols (C27)===
{{Twocolumn|
The sterol backbone contains a β hydroxyl group at C-3 and side chains of 8-10 carbons at C-17. They are important membrane constituents in addition to their biologically activity.
 
Major categories are:
* cholestane ... androstane structure with a branched C8 chain at the 17β-position
* norcholestane ... cholestane lacking one of 27 carbons
* ergostane and campestane ... 24β- and 24α-methylcholestane
* poriferastane and stigmastane ... 24β- and 24α-ethylcholestane
* vitamin D2 ... 9,10-secoergonstane derivatives
* vitamin D3 ... 9,10-secocholestane derivatives
* lumistane ... 9β,10α-ergosta-5,7-diene
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===Ecdysteroid (C27)===
See [[:Category:TP3I|TP3I]].

===Spirostans and furostans (C27)===
{{Twocolumn|
Furostan has the additional epoxy ring E. Spirostan has another epoxy ring F, which is perpendicular to the planar orientation of rings A-E. The omission of a terminal 'e' from spirostans and furostans indicates that they are not hydrocarbons.
(However, the last 'e' is needed if a consonant follows.)
 
Major categories are:
* furostan ... 16β,22-epoxycholestane
* spirostan ... 22,26-epoxyfurostan
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===Withanolides and Brassinolides (C28)===
See [[:Category:TP3P|TP3P]].

===Gorgostane (C30)===
See [[:Category:TP3O|TP3O]].

==Biosynthesis==
{| style="text-align:center; cellpadding:0"
|-
| [[Image:2,3-oxidosqualene.png]] 2,3-Oxidosqualene
| [[Image:Arrow00r.png]]
| [[Image:Dammarane.png]] {{Bilingual|Dammarane-type|ダンマラン (dammarane) 型}}
|-
| || || [[Image:Arrow00d35.png]]
|-
| [[Image:Cholestane.png]] Cholestane-type
| [[Image:Arrow00l.png]]
| [[Image:Lanostane.png]] Lanostane-type
|-
| [[Image:Arrow00d35.png]]
|-
| [[Image:Pregnane.png]] Pregnane-type
| [[Image:Arrow00r.png]]
| [[Image:Androstane.png]][[Image:Estrane.png]] Androstane- and Estrane-type
|}

@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 |-
 | [[Image:2,3-oxidosqualene.png]]<br/>2,3-Oxidosqualene
-| [[Image:Arrow00r.png]]
+| [[Image:Arrow00r.png]]<br/>chair-boat-chair-boat
-| [[Image:Dammarane.png]]<br/>{{Bilingual|Dammarane-type|ダンマラン (dammarane) 型}}
+| [[Image:Protostane.png]]<br/>Protostane-type
 |-
 | || || [[Image:Arrow00d35.png]]

Category:TP3V - Revision history

Adm: /* Biosynthesis */

Adm: New page: ==Hormonal Classes== ===Estranes (C18)=== {{Twocolumn| The backbone of estrogens, the hormones responsible for female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. The original sp...