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2011-12-10T08:37:53Z

Created page with "==Carotenoid (C40) == {{Twocolumn| Carotenoids are widely observed natural pigments. It is classified into β-carotenes and lycopenes which do not contain oxygen atoms, and ..."

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==Carotenoid (C40) ==

{{Twocolumn|
Carotenoids are widely observed natural pigments.
It is classified into β-carotenes and lycopenes which do not contain oxygen atoms, and xanthophylls which contain oxygen atoms.
Carotine (for carotene) and Lycopin (for lycopene) are German spellings.
|
カロテノイドは自然界に広く見られる天然の色素。
大きく分けてβ-カロテンやリコペンなどのカロテン類（酸素を含まない）と、ルテイン、カプサンチン等のキサントフィル類（酸素を含む）に分けられる。
代表的なものは、α-カロテン, β-カロテン, β-クリプトキサンチン, ルテイン, ゼアキサンチン, リコペンである。
日本語で、カロテン (carotene) をカロチン (Carotine)、リコペン (lycopene) をリコピン (Lycopin) と呼ぶ場合があるが、これらは各分子のドイツ語名。
}}

<center>
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" | {{Bilingual|最も代表的なカロテノイド|Most common carotenoids}}
|-
| colspan="3" | Provitamin A (precursor of vitamin A or retinol)
|-
| α-carotene || β-carotene ||β-cryptoxanthin
|-
| colspan="2" | Eye related (found in retina and lens)
|
|-
| lutein || zeaxanthin || lycopene
|}
</center>

=={{Bilingual|生合成|Biosynthesis}}==

{|
|-
| 2 GGPP (tail to tail)
|-
| ↓ phytoene synthase (Psy)
|-
| Phytoene
|-
| ↓ phytoene desaturase (Pds)
|-
| zeta-Carotene
|-
| ↓ zeta-carotene desaturase (Zds) &<br/>carotenoid isomerase (Crtiso)
|-
| Lycopene
|-
| ↓ lycopene beta-cyclase (Lcy-B)
|-
| Beta-carotene
|-
| ↓ beta-carotene hydroxylase (betaOH)
|-
| Zeaxanthin
|-
| ↓ zeaxanthin epoxidase (Zep)
|-
| Violaxanthin
|-
| ↓ neoxanthin synthase (Nxs)
|-
| Neoxanthin
|}

=={{Bilingual|食品添加物としてのカロテノイド|Carotenoid as Food Additives}}==

{{Doc:Carotenoid}}

=={{Bilingual|野菜・果物中のカロテノイド|Carotenoid in Vegetables and Fruits}}==

{{Doc:Food/Carotenoid/Summary}}

==Carotenoid in our Body==
血中の主要カロテノイドはリコペン、α, β-カロテン、ルテイン、ゼアキサンチン、β-クリプトキサンチンの6種です。

ヒト赤血球にはルテインが特に多く分布し、リン脂質の酸化を防いでいます<ref>Nakagawa K, Kiko T, Hatade K, Asai A, Kimura F, Sookwong P, Tsuduki T, Arai H, Miyazawa T (2008) "Development of a high-performance liquid chromatography-based assay for carotenoids in human red blood cells: application to clinical studies" Anal Biochem 381(1):129-34 PMID 18638443</ref>。血漿では逆に、非極性カロテノイド（リコペン、β-カロテン) の割合が多くなります。

{| class="wikitable"
|+
| Major Carotenoids in Human Blood <ref>foo</ref>
|-
!
!colspan="2"| 赤血球 (pmol/g ヘモグロビン)
!colspan="2"| 血漿 (pmol/ml)
|-
| || Average || SD || Average || SD
|-
| Carotenoids || 318 || 57 || 1829 || 452
|-
| キサントフィル<br/>（=lutein+x+β-クリプトキサンチン） || 278 || 47 || 868 || 151
|-
| ルテイン || 160 || 42 || 341 || 119
|-
| β-クリプトキサンチン || 66 || 19 || 411 || 111
|-
| Non-polar carotenoids<br/>（=α,β-カロテン+リコペン） || 40 || 18 || 961 || 377
|-
| β-カロテン || 20 || 9 || 475 || 189
|-
| リコペン　|| 12 || 6 || 303 || 140

|}

Category:TP8 - Revision history

Adm: Created page with "==Carotenoid (C40) == {{Twocolumn| Carotenoids are widely observed natural pigments. It is classified into β-carotenes and lycopenes which do not contain oxygen atoms, and ..."