Terpenes

The word 'terpene' originates from turpentine, the distillation of resin from pine trees (Pinaceae). Chemically speaking, terpenes refer to all natural compounds build up from isoprene (C5) units. Well known terpenes include myrrh from balm trees, fragrance or essential oils of herbs and roses. Biologically, terpenes function as volatile expellant of herbivores and attractant of pollinators, or less volatile bitter antifeedants. Many hormones, pheromones and signal compounds are also derived from terpenes.

Design of Triterpene ID numbers ID番号の設計

12-DIGIT

T

P

3

x

y

r

h

g

n

c

x ... species information

Symbol at x	Kingdom	Phyla	Examples
I	Animalia	Arthropoda (Insects, crabs)	ecdysteroids
V		Chordate (Vertebrates)	sex steroids, corticosteroids, anabolic steroids
O		Others	marine steroids
P	Plantae	Phytosterols	lanosterols, cholesterols, brassinolides
S	Plantae	Saponins	saponins
F	Fungi	ergosterols	ergosterols
B	Bacteria	bacterial sterols	hopanoids

y ... backbone structure (母核構造)

Symbol at y	Carbons	Steroids
GN	C17	gonane
ES	C18	estrane
AD	C19	androstane
PG	C21	pregnane
CA	C24	cholane
CL	C27	cholestane
CM	C28	campestane
EG	C28	ergostane
SG	C29 (4 rings)	stigmastane
PR	C29 (4 rings)	poriferastane

Symbol at y	Carbons	(Plant) Triterpenes
LN	C30 (4 rings)	lanostane
CY	C30 (4 rings)	cycloartane
BC	C30 (4 rings)	baccharane
CC	C30 (4 rings)	cucurbitane
DM	C30 (4 rings)	dammarane
HL	C30 (4 rings)	holostane	File:Holostane .png
PF	C29 (5 rings)	pfaffane
HP	C30 (5 rings)	hopane
LP	C30 (5 rings)	lupane
OL	C30 (5 rings)	oleanane
SR	C30 (5 rings)	serratane
TR	C30 (5 rings)	taraxastane
UR	C30 (5 rings)	ursane