Steinmetz:Ilex

Ilex aquifoliurn

Also known as (or relevant to) Ilex aquifoliurn Family Aquifoliaceae English Names Common Holly Hulver Bush Holm Hulm Natural Habitat Central and Southern Europe Caucasus Asia Minor Persia Central China Part(s) Used Folia Ilicis aquifolii = Folia Aquifoliae Fructus llicis aquifolii = Fructus Aquifoliae Cortex Ilicis aquifolii = Cortex Aquifoliae

Constituent(s) ilicin (bitter principle) tannin mucilage gum wax ilixanthin (yellow colouring matter) silicic acid sugar Action leaf: purgative tonic febrifuge diuretic emollient; berry: purgative emetic febrifuge toxic; bark: sudorific

Ilex paraguariensis (and other species)

Also known as (or relevant to) Ilex paraguariensis (and other species) Family Aquifoliaceae English Names Paraguay tea Natural Habitat South America especially Paraguay and Southern Brazil Part(s) Used Folia Mate

Constituent(s) caffeine coffee-tannic acids essential oil vanillin resin Action used as a substitute for tea especially in Argentine: stimulant diuretic purgative antiscorbutic sudorific

Ilex verticillata

Also known as (or relevant to) Ilex verticillata Prinos verticillatus,(Confertus) Family Aquifoliaceae English Names Black Alder Winter berry Feverbush Natural Habitat U. S. A. Part(s) Used Cortex Ilicis Fructus Ilicis

Constituent(s) tannin resins gum sugar albumen bitter principle yellow colouring matter Action bark: tonic astringent laxative antiseptic; berry: aperient vermifuge